The Road Ahead: Interrogating Transport Plans from 1990 to 2025 and Beyond

Introduction: A Quarter-Century of Motion

In 2025, as we reflect on the past quarter-century, it becomes abundantly clear that the landscape of transportation has undergone a profound metamorphosis. From the bustling metropolises to the quietest rural routes, the way people and goods move has been reshaped by technological innovation, shifting societal needs, and an ever-growing awareness of environmental impact. This blog post will delve into the evolution of transport plans since 1990, examining how global trends, the rise of ride-hailing services, and innovative inner-city travel solutions have converged to redefine urban mobility. We will also cast a critical eye on Namibia's unique journey, using the recent discussions around Windhoek's urban transport modernisation as a lens to understand the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead. The aim is not merely to chronicle change, but to interrogate the effectiveness of past strategies and propose actionable future steps towards a more sustainable and equitable transport future.

The Evolution of Transport: 1990-2025

The period from 1990 to 2025 marks a transformative era in global transportation. Driven by unprecedented economic growth, increasing globalisation, and rapid technological advancements, the movement of people and goods has expanded dramatically. This era has witnessed a significant surge in international trade, leading to an increased reliance on various modes of transport for freight, including road, rail, and sea. The interconnectedness of global supply chains has become a defining feature, with goods traversing vast distances at ever-increasing speeds.

Simultaneously, the world has experienced a rapid pace of urbanisation, placing immense pressure on existing urban transport infrastructures. Cities have grappled with escalating challenges such as traffic congestion, air pollution, and the urgent need for efficient mass transit systems. This has prompted a fundamental re-evaluation of public transport strategies, with many urban centers actively seeking innovative solutions to accommodate growing populations and mitigate environmental impact.

Technological innovation has been a cornerstone of this evolution. Significant strides have been made in vehicle technology, leading to the development of more fuel-efficient engines and the burgeoning rise of electric vehicles (EVs). Beyond individual vehicles, the integration of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) has become increasingly prevalent, utilising advanced technologies for traffic management, real-time information dissemination, and overall optimisation of transport networks.

Environmental concerns have also moved to the forefront of transport planning. A heightened awareness of climate change and its ramifications has spurred a global push towards sustainable transport solutions. This includes a concerted effort to promote public transport, encourage non-motorised transport (NMT) options like cycling and walking, and accelerate the development and adoption of low-emission vehicles. Despite these efforts, transport emissions, particularly from road transport, have continued to grow, underscoring the persistent challenge of achieving true sustainability in the sector.

Policy frameworks have adapted to these evolving dynamics, with a discernible shift towards fostering integrated, sustainable, and inclusive transport systems. This has manifested in substantial investments in public transport infrastructure, the implementation of road user charges, and various initiatives aimed at reducing over-reliance on private vehicles.

In Namibia, the post-independence period since 1990 has been characterised by a dedicated focus on developing its transport sector. The nation inherited a highly regulated system, and early reforms, including a White Paper on Transport Policy in the early 1990s, aimed to establish a more deregulated and efficient framework. A consistent emphasis has been placed on enhancing road infrastructure to facilitate regional connectivity and trade. The establishment of the Road Fund, financed by road user charges, has been instrumental in funding critical road maintenance and development projects.

Windhoek, as the capital, has been at the epicenter of urban transport planning in Namibia. The original content of this blog post highlighted the long-standing need for modernisation in Windhoek's urban transport. Our research confirms that the City of Windhoek has been actively developing and implementing a Sustainable Urban Transport Master Plan (SUTMP). This comprehensive plan is designed to create an efficient, affordable, equitable, safe, and convenient transport system for the city, encompassing investments in high-occupancy buses and the development of non-motorised transport infrastructure. Despite these commendable planning efforts, challenges persist, notably in securing adequate funding. Recent reports from 2025 indicate that substantial investment, estimated at N$5 billion, is still required to fully realise the SUTMP's objectives and effectively address traffic congestion. Furthermore, Namibia harbours ambitions to solidify its position as a key transport hub within the SADC region, leveraging its strategic geographical location and competitive advantages in logistics.

The Ride-Hailing Revolution: Reshaping Urban Mobility

The advent of ride-hailing services, spearheaded by companies like Uber and Lyft, has undeniably been one of the most significant disruptions to urban transportation in the 21st century. Emerging in the late 2000s, these platforms rapidly gained traction by leveraging the ubiquity of smartphones, GPS technology, and seamless digital payment systems to connect passengers with drivers. This innovative model offered an unprecedented level of convenience and accessibility, presenting a compelling alternative to traditional taxi services and fundamentally reshaping how people navigate urban environments.

Initially, the growth of ride-hailing was met with both enthusiasm and apprehension. Proponents lauded its ability to reduce reliance on private car ownership, provide flexible income opportunities, and enhance mobility options, particularly in areas underserved by public transport. However, the rapid expansion also brought forth a complex array of challenges. Concerns quickly arose regarding increased traffic congestion, particularly in central business districts, and the potential for reduced public transit ridership. Studies on the impact of ride-hailing have yielded mixed results, with some indicating that while these services might decrease private car ownership, they can paradoxically lead to an overall increase in vehicle miles traveled (VMT)].

Beyond simply connecting riders with drivers, ride-hailing companies have continuously evolved their service offerings. Many have diversified into adjacent sectors, most notably food delivery (e.g., Uber Eats), and other logistics services, expanding their business models and further embedding themselves into the fabric of urban life. The industry continues to be a hotbed of innovation, with ongoing discussions and investments in autonomous vehicles and the integration of ride-hailing into broader Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS) platforms, which aim to provide a single, integrated platform for all urban transport needs.

In the Namibian context, particularly in Windhoek, the ride-hailing phenomenon has mirrored global trends, albeit with its own unique local flavour. While international giants like Uber and Bolt have either entered or are in the process of establishing a presence, local ride-hailing platforms such as LEFA and YANGO have carved out significant market share. These local players have been instrumental in introducing the convenience of app-based booking and cashless payments to the Namibian populace, offering a modern and often more reliable alternative to the traditional taxi system.

The emergence of these platforms has, predictably, sparked considerable debate and competition with existing traditional taxi services. This has led to ongoing discussions around the need for appropriate regulatory frameworks to ensure fair competition, passenger safety, and equitable operating conditions for all transport providers. Despite these challenges, ride-hailing has undoubtedly enhanced urban mobility in Windhoek, providing greater accessibility and convenience for many residents.

Inner-City Travel Innovations: Beyond the Car

As urban populations continue to swell, cities worldwide are actively seeking innovative solutions to address the multifaceted challenges of inner-city travel. The traditional reliance on private vehicles has proven unsustainable, leading to chronic congestion, exacerbated air pollution, and a diminished quality of urban life. In response, a diverse array of inner-city travel innovations has emerged, aiming to create more efficient, sustainable, and equitable mobility ecosystems.

One of the most prominent trends in this space is the rise of micro-mobility. This category encompasses a variety of small, lightweight vehicles, most notably shared e-scooters and bicycles. These modes have rapidly gained popularity, particularly for short-distance trips, offering a flexible and environmentally friendly alternative to cars for the crucial 'first and last mile' of a journey. The market for e-scooter sharing, for instance, is projected to experience substantial growth in the coming years, reflecting a broader shift in urban commuting habits. While micro-mobility offers significant benefits in reducing emissions and congestion, its successful integration requires dedicated infrastructure, such as bike lanes, and robust regulatory frameworks to manage parking and ensure user safety.

Beyond individual modes, the concept of Smart City Transport Initiatives has taken center stage. These initiatives leverage cutting-edge technology and data analytics to optimise urban mobility systems. Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) are a core component, utilising sensors, cameras, and real-time data to manage traffic flow, reduce congestion, and enhance safety. Examples include adaptive traffic signals that respond to real-time conditions, and smart parking solutions that guide drivers to available spaces, minimising cruising time and associated emissions.

A key aspiration of smart city transport is the development of Integrated Mobility Platforms, often referred to as Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS). MaaS platforms aim to seamlessly integrate various transport modes—from public transit and ride-hailing to micro-mobility and car-sharing—into a single, user-friendly application. This allows commuters to plan, book, and pay for multi-modal journeys with unprecedented ease, encouraging a shift away from private car ownership by offering convenient alternatives. The overarching goal of these smart initiatives is to foster sustainable transport options, including electric vehicles and shared mobility, thereby reducing urban emissions and improving overall air quality.

In the broader African context, cities are grappling with rapid urbanisation and are increasingly adopting innovative transport solutions tailored to their unique circumstances. Digital transformation is a significant enabler, with technology playing a pivotal role in making transport services more accessible, affordable, and reliable. This includes the implementation of mobile-based fare collection systems, real-time tracking of public transport vehicles, and digital platforms that streamline logistics.

Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) systems are also gaining traction across the continent. These high-capacity public transport systems, often operating on dedicated lanes, offer efficient and reliable mass transit, addressing the growing demand for urban mobility. Furthermore, there's a concerted effort to formalise and integrate the often-informal transport sectors prevalent in many African cities, leveraging technology and data to improve their efficiency and safety. The push towards e-mobility is also evident, with a growing interest in electric vehicles and associated infrastructure to combat air pollution and reduce reliance on fossil fuels.

For Windhoek, there is a call for modernised public transport that aligns perfectly with these global and African trends. The city's Sustainable Urban Transport Master Plan (SUTMP) explicitly aims to foster non-motorised transport and has already seen the introduction of new buses and cashless payment systems. While micro-mobility, such as e-bikes, is still in its nascent stages compared to some global counterparts, initiatives like EBIKES4AFRICA demonstrate a clear commitment to exploring and integrating such sustainable options into the city's transport fabric. The ongoing efforts reflect a strategic move towards a more integrated, efficient, and environmentally conscious urban mobility system for Windhoek.

Namibia's Journey: A Case Study in Progress and Potential

Namibia's transport narrative since 1990 is a compelling case study of a nation striving to modernise its infrastructure and services in the face of rapid urbanisation and evolving mobility demands. The City of Windhoek's efforts to modernise its urban transport plan are long overdue, yet indicative of a proactive approach to addressing these challenges. The journey has been marked by significant policy shifts, infrastructure development, and the recent integration of digital innovations.

Post-independence, Namibia embarked on a path to reform a transport sector that was previously highly regulated and benefited only a select few. The early 1990s saw the formulation of a White Paper on Transport Policy, laying the groundwork for a more deregulated and efficient system. This foundational policy emphasised the development of robust road infrastructure, crucial for connecting the vast country and facilitating trade. The establishment of the Road Fund, sustained by road user charges, has been a vital mechanism for financing the maintenance and expansion of this critical network.

Windhoek, as the capital and economic hub, has naturally been the focal point for urban transport planning. The outdated public bus service, rooted in an apartheid-era model, underscores the historical challenges. This system primarily served low-cost townships, providing transport to the CBD and high-cost suburbs during peak hours, neglecting comprehensive city-wide coverage. The need for a modernised, affordable, and reliable public transport system that serves all areas of the city, with published timetables and dedicated bus lanes, was a key aspiration articulated in the original piece. Our research confirms that the City of Windhoek has been actively pursuing this vision through its Sustainable Urban Transport Master Plan (SUTMP). This plan aims to create an efficient, affordable, equitable, safe, and convenient transport system, with investments in high-occupancy buses and non-motorised transport (NMT) infrastructure. The 'MoveWindhoek' project, a Namibian-German collaboration, is a testament to these efforts, focusing on implementing a modern public bus system. Recent reports in 2025 indicate that the full implementation of the SUTMP requires substantial investment, estimated at N$5 billion, highlighting the financial commitment needed to realize these ambitious goals.

The emergence of ride-hailing services has added another layer to Namibia's transport landscape. While global players like YANGO have made inroads, local platforms such as LEFA and Namride have become prominent, offering convenient, app-based alternatives to traditional taxis. These services have addressed some of the issues regarding the lack of clear indications for taxi destinations and the need for more consumer-oriented services. The competition between traditional taxis and ride-hailing platforms has also spurred discussions on regulation and ensuring a level playing field, a common theme globally as these new models disrupt established industries.

Micro-mobility, though less prevalent than in some other global cities, is also beginning to find its place in Windhoek's urban mobility strategy. Initiatives like EBIKES4AFRICA, which introduces solar-powered e-bikes, demonstrate a commitment to exploring sustainable, non-motorised transport options, aligning with the SUTMP's broader goals.

Namibia's ambition to become a transport hub for the SADC region further shapes its transport development. This vision necessitates continuous investment in modern transport infrastructure and efficient logistics, ensuring the country can leverage its strategic geographical position. The journey since 1990 has been one of significant progress, moving from a legacy system to a more integrated and technologically driven approach. However, there remains a considerable gap between aspiration and full realisation, particularly in areas like comprehensive public bus services and the integration of diverse transport modes.

The Path Forward: Future Actions for Sustainable Mobility

The journey of transport evolution from 1990 to 2025 reveals a complex interplay of progress, challenges, and emerging opportunities. As we look towards the future, particularly in the context of urban centers like Windhoek, a clear set of actions is needed to foster truly sustainable, equitable, and efficient mobility systems. These actions must build upon past lessons, embrace technological advancements, and prioritize the needs of all citizens.

1. Prioritise and Invest in Integrated Public Transport: The cornerstone of sustainable urban mobility remains a robust, accessible, and affordable public transport system. For Windhoek, this means fully realising the vision of the Sustainable Urban Transport Master Plan (SUTMP). This includes:

• Expanding and Modernising Bus Networks:Moving beyond the legacy system to a comprehensive network with published timetables, real-time tracking, and dedicated bus lanes where feasible. The current efforts to introduce new buses and cashless payment systems are positive steps, but the network needs to cover all areas of the city, not just traditional routes .
• Exploring Mass Transit Options: While an inner-city train service might seem like a distant dream, exploring viable mass transit options like Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) or light rail for high-demand corridors should remain on the long-term agenda. BRT, in particular, has proven successful in many African cities for its efficiency and relatively lower cost compared to rail.
• Integrated Ticketing and Information Systems: Developing a seamless system that allows users to pay for and access various modes of transport (buses, ride-hailing, micro-mobility) through a single platform will significantly enhance convenience and encourage public transport use.

2. Regulate and Integrate Ride-Hailing and Micro-Mobility: The rapid growth of ride-hailing and micro-mobility services presents both opportunities and challenges. Future actions should focus on:

• Fair and Equitable Regulation: Establishing clear regulatory frameworks that ensure fair competition between traditional taxis and ride-hailing services, protect driver and passenger rights, and address issues of pricing and service quality. This also includes ensuring that these services contribute equitably to urban infrastructure and public transport funding.
• Data Sharing and Collaboration: Encouraging data sharing between private mobility providers and city authorities to gain insights into travel patterns, identify service gaps, and inform urban planning decisions. Collaborative efforts can lead to better integration of these services with public transport, serving as effective first-mile/last-mile solutions.
• Infrastructure for Micro-Mobility: Investing in safe and dedicated infrastructure for micro-mobility, such as cycling lanes and e-scooter parking zones, is crucial to maximise their benefits and minimise conflicts with pedestrians and other road users.

3. Embrace Smart City Technologies for Transport Management: Leveraging technology is paramount for optimising urban transport systems. Future actions should include:

• Advanced Traffic Management Systems: Implementing intelligent traffic lights, real-time traffic monitoring, and predictive analytics to reduce congestion, optimize flow, and improve journey times.
• Smart Parking Solutions: Deploying smart parking technologies that guide drivers to available spaces, reducing cruising time and associated emissions.
• Real-time Passenger Information: Providing accurate, real-time information on public transport schedules, delays, and alternative routes through mobile applications and digital displays to enhance the passenger experience.

4. Promote Non-Motorised Transport (NMT) and Active Mobility: Encouraging walking and cycling is vital for sustainable and healthy cities. This requires:

• Safe and Connected Pedestrian and Cycling Networks: Investing in well-maintained sidewalks, pedestrian crossings, and dedicated cycling paths that are safe, well-lit, and connected to key destinations and public transport hubs.
• Urban Planning for Walkability and Cyclability: Designing urban spaces that prioritise pedestrians and cyclists, with mixed-use developments that reduce the need for long-distance motorised travel.

5. Foster Sustainable Funding Mechanisms: Sustainable transport requires sustainable funding. Actions include:

• Diversifying Funding Sources: Moving beyond traditional government subsidies to explore innovative funding mechanisms, such as dedicated urban mobility funds, public-private partnerships, and congestion charges or levies on private vehicle use and parking.
• Transparent Allocation: Ensuring that funds collected from transport-related charges are transparently allocated back into improving public transport infrastructure and services.

6. Capacity Building and Public Engagement: Effective transport planning and implementation require skilled professionals and informed citizens. This means:

• Investing in Human Capital: Training and developing local expertise in urban transport planning, engineering, and data analytics.
• Public Awareness Campaigns: Educating the public on the benefits of sustainable transport modes and encouraging behavioural shifts towards more environmentally friendly travel choices.
• Consultation and Participation: Ensuring continuous consultation with consumers, transport operators, and other stakeholders in the planning and implementation of transport initiatives.

By proactively addressing these areas, cities like Windhoek can build resilient, efficient, and inclusive transport systems that not only meet the demands of a growing population but also contribute to a healthier and more sustainable urban future.

Conclusion: Navigating Towards a Connected Future

The journey of urban transport from 1990 to 2025 has been one of dynamic transformation, marked by technological leaps, shifting societal priorities, and an increasing recognition of environmental imperatives. From the traditional taxi systems of the early 90s to the ubiquitous ride-hailing apps and burgeoning micro-mobility options of today, our cities are constantly adapting to new ways of moving. Namibia, and particularly its capital Windhoek, stands as a microcosm of this global evolution, grappling with the legacy of past planning while striving to embrace a more sustainable and integrated future.

There is a pressing need for modernisation in Windhoek's transport system. Our interrogation of transport plans since 1990, enriched by insights into global trends and the rise of new mobility services, reinforces that need. The vision for 2025 and beyond is clear: a transport system that is not only efficient and affordable but also equitable, safe, and environmentally conscious. This requires a concerted effort to invest in public transport, intelligently integrate ride-hailing and micro-mobility, leverage smart city technologies, promote active modes of travel, and secure sustainable funding.

The challenges are significant, but so are the opportunities. By learning from the past, embracing innovation, and fostering collaborative planning that genuinely consults with consumers and stakeholders, cities like Windhoek can indeed navigate towards a future where mobility is a right, not a privilege, and where every journey contributes to a healthier, more connected urban environment. The road ahead is long, but with foresight and commitment, the destination of sustainable urban mobility is within reach.

Competitions of Luck? Not So Lucky

It’s that time of year again—festive lights are up, shops are buzzing, and everyone is hoping for a little extra luck. Maybe a new car. Maybe a shopping hamper. Or just enough cash to make the holidays sparkle. Businesses know this and are more than ready to take advantage of our holiday hopes.

As consumers, we understand that our relationship with businesses should be one of mutual benefit. We give our money, and in return, we expect value—whether it’s a product, a service, or a fair chance at winning a prize. But fairness doesn’t always factor into these “competitions of luck.”

The Legal Loophole You Didn’t Know About

Before Independence, Namibia had laws to regulate lotteries, raffles, and other chance-based games. But when gambling was legalised in the post-independence era, attention shifted primarily to casinos and gambling houses. Sadly, other “games of luck”—like raffles, scratch cards, and SMS competitions—were left in a legal grey area.

That loophole has opened the door for shady operators to exploit unsuspecting consumers. Here’s how:

• Fake raffles: Imagine two people organising a raffle with a car as the grand prize. They sell tickets worth N$400,000, buy a car worth N$200,000, and rig the draw so one of them “wins” the car. The rest of us? We were just funding their scam.

• Scratch cards with zero winners: What if the scratch cards you buy have no winning combination at all? Not by chance—but by design.

• SMS competitions: Promoters promise that the first person to send an SMS will win. But they keep the lines open and charging long after the prize has already been claimed. Sound fair? It’s not.

You’d think there would be a law against this sort of thing, right? Unfortunately, there isn’t. While these practices may be unethical, they are not illegal under the current legislation.

What Needs to Change?

The Ministry of Environment and Tourism has been tasked with updating Namibia’s gambling laws, and consultations with stakeholders are underway. But progress has been slow—and in the meantime, consumers continue to be exploited.

As a citizen, you deserve protection from dishonest business practices. We need updated legislation that closes these loopholes and ensures that competitions—whether they’re based on luck or skill—are conducted transparently and fairly.

Before You Play, Think Twice

Next time you’re tempted by a flashy prize or a “once-in-a-lifetime” chance to win big, ask yourself:

• Do I really have a fair chance?

• Is this competition regulated?

• Would I still participate if I knew how the prize is awarded?

Your hard-earned money deserves more than a promise. It deserves protection.

Let’s demand better!

Future Dreams - A Namibian Short Story

(Revised from a 2012 submission to the Commonwealth Writers Short Story Prize)

“Love doesn’t understand the concept of time,” Simon said, taking the drink I handed him.

The sun was sliding behind the mountains to the west as we looked north over the quiet golf course. I had finally built the house of my dreams on a piece of land nestled within a golf estate, thirty kilometres south of Windhoek. After years of sacrifice and saving, the moment was finally mine. Tomorrow my wife and daughter would move in—but today belonged to me.

Simon, an old friend, was visiting. A solitary soul who insisted he was never lonely, Simon had a gift for conversation that always began with a jarring observation, followed by a story that crept into your bones.

“Do you know the One Bullet Theory?” he asked, not waiting for an answer. “It says you can fall in love many times, even make love many times—but there’s only one bullet with your name on it. And if you’re lucky enough to get hit by it, the wound never heals.”

We sat in silence. I, like him, was probably remembering the one person who might’ve carried our name on that metaphorical bullet.

“I saw Martin the other day,” Simon continued. “He was having coffee with Catherine. Imagine that—after all these years. You remember their story, right?”

I knew better than to interrupt Simon when he was telling a story. I nodded, just enough to let him know I was listening.

“Martin was born in Windhoek but raised mostly in Johannesburg with his grandparents after his mother passed. Catherine, born in Cape Town, came to Windhoek to live with her aunt after losing her father. Maybe it was the grief in both of them that made their souls echo.

“The first time I saw them, they must’ve been six or seven. It was at a wedding, back when you invited the whole neighbourhood to the reception. She was the little bridesmaid—dressed in white, glowing. Even then, she stood out from the other kids. Martin was there too, awkward in his suit, staring off into the garden.”

Simon paused to relight his pipe, eyes glazing with nostalgia.

“I had just started smoking myself and snuck to the back of the garden. That’s when I saw her walking down the steps toward him.

‘What are you doing here alone?’ she asked.

‘I was wishing a special wish,’ he said.

‘And what was that?’

‘I was wishing the beautiful girl in white would be my friend.’

“Johannesburg had already given him that overconfident flair,” Simon chuckled. “She ran back when someone called for photos. I returned too, but I looked back and saw him standing alone, eyes fixed on the sunset. I could clearly hear him say, ‘One day I will marry her.’ I thought it was sweet at the time—just a child’s dream.”

Simon’s storytelling voice softened as he looked at our empty glasses. I got up to refill them.

“Years passed. I forgot about Martin until he showed up in my high school class—mid-year transfer, quite the scandal. Word spread quickly that he’d been in juvenile detention—something about a bank card robbery. Smart as anything, but stubborn. He’d interrupt class to ask questions, never shy, always probing.”

The sun had set, and the coals were just right. While Simon started on the potjiekos—bosvark rugstring simmering in cast iron—I laid out the springbok chops I’d marinated the day before.

“Martin was a pariah,” Simon continued. “Shunned by classmates, avoided by parents. He walked the neighbourhood alone, always smiling like he knew some joke we didn’t. The only time he got serious was when he watched the other students. Especially Catherine.”

He paused, staring into the flames. “I remembered that look—the same he had at the wedding. It was the One Bullet. His eyes followed her like a shadow follows light. And yet, they lived in different worlds. She was beautiful, from a respected family. He was a jailbird.”

I prodded, “So what did you do, Simon?”

He grinned. “You know me. I had my own heartbreak once, and I wasn’t going to let fate win again. Turns out, I wasn’t alone. We teachers began orchestrating little ‘accidents’—messages that had to be passed between their classrooms. They were always the messengers. The students noticed before long and teased them mercilessly.”

“Martin didn’t shrink from it,” Simon continued. “The teasing made him bolder. And one day, he asked her to be his girlfriend. She said yes. The whole school was shocked.”

Simon’s eyes twinkled. “Together they created a school newspaper, revived the drama club, won national competitions. At their matric farewell, she wore white, he wore a blue suit. Just like the wedding. I swear I’d seen it all before.”

He poured himself another drink. “But like all love stories, it was doomed. And I had no small part in the ending.”

We ate then, piling our plates with grilled chops, rich bush pig stew, and baster poeding. After grace, we ate in silence, as Namibians do when food is sacred and words must wait their turn.

After dinner, coffee replaced whiskey. Simon lit his pipe.

“Martin came to see me after the exam results. He’d passed brilliantly. Catherine hadn’t. He had a bursary; she had nothing. Her foster parents had cut her off. He asked me what to do. And I gave the worst advice.”

“What was the dilemma?” I asked gently.

“He wanted to join the student struggle. 1988—the time of protests, boycotts, toi-toi in the streets. He couldn’t bear the thought of blaming her one day for not answering the call of duty. He chose the cause over love.”

I nodded, remembering that turbulent time.

“Within two years,” Simon said, “Namibia was independent. Martin was the one who raised the flag on that first morning. But the price he paid was Catherine.”

“And after?” I asked.

“Martin became a diplomat, married, divorced, left it all to become a writer and beach bum. Catherine got pregnant, married the father, divorced, and became a top lawyer. Both lived full lives—but apart.”

He sipped his coffee, now laced with whiskey. The silence stretched.

“They had coffee, recently,” he finally said. “I saw them—awkward at first, then warmer. I left them quickly. Maybe I felt guilty. Maybe I still do.”

I remembered his opening line. “What did you mean by, ‘Love doesn’t understand the concept of time’?”

Simon smiled wistfully. “They were speaking in the present about their past. But their souls—those souls—were already sharing future dreams.”

The History of Coloureds in Namibia Since 1800 till 2025

The history of the Coloured community in Namibia is a complex narrative woven through colonial conquest, racial classification, displacement, resistance, and post-independence identity struggles. Often overlooked in mainstream national history, Coloured Namibians have played a unique and multifaceted role in shaping the socio-political fabric of the country. Their story begins long before formal borders were drawn and continues into the democratic era of modern Namibia.

Origins: Early 1800s and the Cape Influence

The term “Coloured” historically refers to a diverse group of people of mixed racial ancestry, mainly resulting from unions between indigenous African groups, European settlers, and slaves from Asia brought to the Cape during Dutch and later British colonial rule. Many Coloured people in Namibia trace their origins to the Cape Colony, particularly from the early 1800s when mission stations and trade routes were established northwards into present-day Namibia.

As documented by Klaus Dierks, one of the earliest recorded settlements of people of mixed descent in what would become Namibia dates back to around 1811, when missionaries from the London Missionary Society (including Joseph Tindall and Heinrich Schmelen) settled in southern Namibia. Schmelen’s Khoekhoe wife, Zara, played a vital cultural and linguistic role in missionary work, signifying early examples of racial and cultural integration.

These early interactions laid the foundation for a small but growing population of people later classified as “Coloureds” — a term formalised under South African apartheid but with earlier social underpinnings in the Cape and surrounding regions.

Mid-to-Late 19th Century: Movement and Missionaries

During the mid-1800s, increased missionary activity and settler expansion from the Cape brought more Coloured artisans, evangelists, and workers into Namibia. Some were sent deliberately by mission societies, while others came as wagon drivers, interpreters, or traders. They often found themselves mediators between indigenous communities and European colonists.

With the arrival of German colonialism in the 1880s, the socio-political status of Coloureds began to shift. Although not considered equal to Europeans, many Coloured individuals were able to access limited forms of education and employment, often serving in administrative or intermediary roles under German rule. However, they were also excluded from land ownership and political power, reflecting their ambiguous position in colonial society.

German Colonial Rule (1884–1915): Limited Integration, Strategic Exclusion

Under German rule, racial hierarchies became more rigid, especially following the genocides of the Herero and Nama peoples (1904–1908). While the Germans viewed Coloureds as superior to “natives,” they were still subject to discriminatory policies. Some Coloured families were relocated, restricted in property rights, and faced limitations in upward mobility.

Despite these restrictions, Coloureds were sometimes utilised in semi-skilled jobs, as schoolteachers, clerks, or police assistants. A few Coloured individuals acquired education through missionary schools, enabling limited social advancement.

South African Administration and the Rise of Racial Categorisation (1915–1948)

With South Africa’s occupation of Namibia during World War I, apartheid ideologies from the Union of South Africa began influencing administration. The South African government applied increasingly rigid racial laws, classifying Coloureds as a distinct racial group separate from both “Whites” and “Natives.”

In the 1920s and 1930s, the influx of Coloured families from the Cape accelerated, particularly for employment on the South African railways and public works in southern and central Namibia. Coloured schools and residential areas were established in towns like Lüderitz, Keetmanshoop, and Windhoek (especially in areas like Khomasdal).

However, these communities remained subject to racial segregation and legal discrimination. The Urban Areas Act and other legislation restricted where Coloureds could live and work. They had no political representation and were often used to enforce policies against indigenous Africans while still being marginalised themselves.

The Apartheid Era: 1948–1989

The implementation of full apartheid policies in 1948 brought about significant changes for Coloureds in Namibia. The government enforced forced removals and racial zoning, including the relocation of Coloured people in Windhoek to Khomasdal in the late 1950s and early 1960s, as part of the broader Group Areas Act.

Educational institutions like the Dawid Bezuidenhout Secondary School were established for Coloured learners, offering better resources than schools for Black Namibians but still far below the standard of white schools. The apartheid state also created a Coloured Representative Authority in the 1970s, as part of a plan to install “ethnic” self-governments. Many Coloured Namibians rejected this token representation, seeing it as an attempt to divide resistance to apartheid.

Coloured people were caught in a difficult position: privileged compared to Black Namibians in certain respects, but still oppressed and excluded from full citizenship. Many became politically conscious, joining the liberation struggle through SWAPO, the Namibia National Students Organisation (NANSO), and churches.

Notably, some Coloured leaders played a role in anti-apartheid resistance. They used their relative mobility and access to information to support underground movements and raise awareness, while others were accused of collaborating with the apartheid regime, illustrating the community’s divided and complex political position.

Post-Independence Namibia (1990–Present): Identity, Representation, and Belonging

With independence in 1990, Namibia officially abolished racial discrimination and sought to build a unified national identity. However, the legacy of apartheid classification systems remained. The Coloured community struggled with questions of identity: were they part of the “Black majority,” or a distinct cultural group?

In the post-independence era, Coloured Namibians have continued to contribute to national life in education, politics, business, and the arts. Leaders such as Pieter van Wyk , Milton Louw, and others have helped redefine the role of Coloureds in public life. 

Pieter van Wyk is a respected traditional leader of the ≠Aonin (Topnaar) community, one of the oldest Nama groups in Namibia, based along the Kuiseb River in the Erongo Region. Though his ancestry includes indigenous Nama roots, many in his community identify as Coloured due to historical intermarriage and apartheid-era classification. He is known for his work in preserving indigenous knowledge, botany, and desert ecology, as well as advocating for his people’s land and cultural rights in the post-independence era.

Milton Louw has been a prominent voice in consumer advocacy, fighting for transparency, fair business practices, and regulatory accountability in Namibia. Through his writing, workshops, and media engagement, he has empowered ordinary Namibians—especially marginalized groups, including the Coloured community—to understand their rights and challenge exploitative systems. His activism also intersects with broader social justice themes such as inequality, access to credit, and public participation

However, many still feel underrepresented in political discourse and marginalized in affirmative action policies that primarily benefit “previously disadvantaged” Black Namibians.

Additionally, younger generations have grappled with questions of cultural identity. Afrikaans remains a dominant language in many Coloured communities, leading to both pride and criticism in post-apartheid Namibia. Despite these tensions, Coloureds remain a resilient and dynamic part of Namibia’s multicultural society.

Conclusion

The history of Coloureds in Namibia reflects broader themes of colonisation, racial stratification, resilience, and post-independence identity formation. From their early presence alongside missionaries and traders, through marginalisation under both German and South African regimes, to the complicated realities of modern Namibia, the Coloured community’s journey is both unique and integral to the nation’s story.

While they have often been defined by others in terms of what they are not — not white, not black — their lived experiences, contributions, and evolving identities show that they are not a fringe or forgotten group, but central participants in Namibia’s past and future.

---

Sources:

1. Klaus Dierks, Chronology of Namibian History – www.klausdierks.com

2. Wallace, Marion and Kinahan, John. A History of Namibia: From the Beginning to 1990.

3. Emmett, Tony. Popular Resistance and the Roots of Nationalism in Namibia.

4. Hopwood, Graham. Guide to Namibian Politics

5. Gewald, Jan-Bart. Herero Heroes: A Socio-Political History of the Herero of Namibia

6. Interviews with community members (oral history sources, summarised in publications by the Museums Association of Namibia)

Klaus Dierks’ Chronology of Namibian History provides Historical Data (Pre-History to 2000)

Do you know, Karl Otto Ludwig Klaus Dierks (19 February 1936 – 17 March 2005) was a German-born Namibian deputy government minister, a transport planner and civil engineer in Namibia. He was also an academic which provides many insights into Namibias history and its engineering past. He also prepared the Chronology of Namibian History, on which the following essay is based. His website can be found at https://www.klausdierks.com/.

1. Pre‑historical Period to c. 1486 (Middle Stone Age to ca. 1200 AD)

Dierks begins with the sparse archaeological evidence of Namibia’s earliest inhabitants during the southern African Middle Stone Age, roughly until 1200 AD. He notes copper-smelting traditions in the Matchless Mine and Otavi Mountains that testify to early mining and trading activity, long before written records emerged  .

2. Period of Explorers, Hunters, and Traders (1486–1800)

This period marks the arrival of European explorers and traders from about 1486 onward. While formal colonial presence was absent, trade networks and early European contact began shaping local dynamics. Ethnic communities such as the Ovambo and Ovaherero were already present and their ancestors likely migrated from central/eastern Africa centuries earlier  .

Guilliam Visagie, arriving around 1786, is recognized as the first white settler in today’s Namibia, establishing a farm near Keetmanshoop in the late 18th century.

3. Pre‑colonial / Missionaries Epoch (1805–1883)

Dierks divides the missionary era into arrival and political interference. Early Rhenish and Wesleyan missionaries appear in the early 19th century. Missionary activity slowly expanded, resulting in growing European influence over local leadership and inter-ethnic relations by the mid-1800s  .

4. Colonial Period: German Rule (1884–1914)

    4.1 Initial Occupation (1884–1889)

Germany formally declared its protectorate over South West Africa in 1884. Early treaties, infrastructure establishment, and missionary expansion accompanied the occupation  .

    4.2 Rising Resistance (1890–1903)

Named the era of “active resistance,” local leaders including Samuel Maharero and Hendrik Witbooi fought back against German rule. Multiple uprisings (nineteen from various communities) set the stage for conflict during this period  .

    4.3 Genocide and Consolidation (1904–1906)

The conflict culminated in the genocide of the Ovaherero and Nama. German forces violently suppressed resistance. Subsequently, Germany consolidated control and resumed colonial administration until the outbreak of World War I  .

5. Colonial Period: South African Rule (1915–1990)

    5.1 Military Rule & League of Nations Mandate (1915–1945)

After Germany’s defeat in World War I, South Africa administered the territory under League of Nations mandate status. The new administration extended apartheid laws from South Africa into South West Africa.

    5.2 UN Trusteeship Era (1946–1956)

Post-World War II, the United Nations proposed placing Namibia under trusteeship. South Africa resisted and instead extended its own apartheid policies further, preventing substantive progress toward independence.

    5.3 Anti‑apartheid Struggle (1956–1974)

Organized resistance intensified. The Old Location uprising in Windhoek (10 December 1959) saw police open fire, killing protestors and galvanising the broader independence movement. SWAPO emerged as the primary liberation movement.

    5.4 Interim Administrations & Independence Road (1975–1987)

South Africa carried out a series of interim administrations—including the Turnhalle Constitutional Conference (1975–1977) and formation of a Transitional Government of National Unity in the mid‑1980s—while excluding SWAPO. These efforts failed to gain legitimacy or accelerate independence.

6. Independence Process to National Sovereignty (1988–1990)

Following sustained internal resistance, SWAPO-led diplomatic and military campaigns achieved UN-backed transition. Namibia formally gained independence on 21 March 1990. Walvis Bay and nearby offshore islands remained separate until reintegration in 1994, but Dierks’s chronology ends at 2000, covering the first decade of independence.

7. First Decade of Independence (1990–2000)

In this period, Namibia consolidated state institutions, managed national reintegration, and pursued development policies. As Dierks himself was active in government during these years, the chronology includes substantial detail on political frameworks, infrastructure projects, and institution-building up to 2000.

Conclusion

Klaus Dierks’s Chronology of Namibian History offers a carefully structured, year-by-year account spanning from early human activity through to the first ten years of independent Namibia. His methodical framework including precolonial cultures, colonial eras under Germany and South Africa, liberation struggle, and post‑1990 development provides a robust platform for understanding Namibia’s complex history—even where early data is fragmentary.

A Consumer Christmas Wish List – 2025 Edition

The Christmas season has always been a time of giving, celebration, and — let’s be honest — a bit of overspending. I remember, as a young boy, writing hopeful letters to Father Christmas. Often, those dreams were answered with practical gifts like socks or school shoes instead of the toy trucks I imagined. Looking back, those gifts were what I truly needed — even if I didn’t appreciate them at the time.

This year, I’m not writing to Father Christmas, but I do have a wish list. Not for myself, but for every Namibian consumer trying to survive and thrive in an increasingly difficult economy. Here is my updated consumer Christmas wish list for 2025:

🎄 1. Friendly Customer Service – A Smile Still Costs Nothing

Too often, we are greeted at counters with disinterest or even hostility. Whether in government offices or retail stores, the phrase “The customer is king” has been forgotten. We know salaries are low and conditions are tough — but kindness goes a long way. A warm greeting, helpful attitude, and basic courtesy can turn a frustrated citizen into a loyal customer. And let’s not forget, good service drives repeat business and improves profitability, which can mean higher salaries over time.

💳 2. More Affordable and Inclusive Banking

Namibia’s banking sector continues to be dominated by four major players, with service fees among the highest in Southern Africa. A 2024 survey by the Namibia Consumer Trust found that over 40% of low-income earners remain unbanked. My wish is for innovative, low-cost banking solutions — from mobile-based micro savings tools to no-fee accounts for students and pensioners. Financial inclusion is the foundation of economic empowerment.

🇳🇦 3. Buy Namibian, Support Namibian

Namibians are waking up to the importance of local value chains. From Ongwediva-made cleaning products to Mariental-grown tomatoes, buying local keeps money circulating in the community. Supporting Namibian businesses helps them grow, employ more people, and contribute to national development. The “Buy Namibian” campaign needs not just visibility — but commitment from retailers and consumers alike.

🛒 4. Transparent Pricing – Let Me Compare Apples with Apples

Even in 2025, product pricing in shops often leaves consumers confused. Is the 750ml bottle really cheaper than the 1-litre one? Are we being tricked by branding? I wish to see unit pricing (per litre, per kg, etc.) as a legal requirement on all store shelves, as it is in South Africa. Clear, standardised price displays empower consumers to make informed choices and promote fair competition.

📜 5. A Strong Consumer Protection Law – Still Waiting

Namibia’s draft Consumer Protection Bill was first floated over a decade ago. In 2021, the Ministry of Industrialisation and Trade revived efforts to bring it to Parliament, but as of 2025, no law has been passed. My wish is that the bill — which aims to formalise consumer rights and establish an independent ombudsman — is tabled and enacted. Enough consultations. Time for action.

🏠 6. Affordable Housing and Inclusive Urban Planning

With Windhoek’s average house price over N$1.2 million in 2024, home ownership remains a dream for most Namibians. Meanwhile, informal settlements swell on the outskirts of towns, far from jobs and services. My Christmas wish is for integrated housing — developments that mix high, middle and low-income units within the same urban spaces. We need to rethink land availability, upgrade informal areas, and stop relying solely on the NHE. A national housing emergency deserves national urgency.

💸 7. No More January Blues

December is joyful — until the bills arrive in January. Stores are already pushing “buy now, pay later” offers. But the truth remains: if you can’t afford it now, don’t buy it. The average Namibian household debt-to-income ratio stood at 77% in 2024, and credit defaults are on the rise. My wish is for consumers to plan better, avoid debt traps, and take advantage of post-holiday sales. Spend with intention, not just impulse.

🧠 8. Old-School Wisdom for a New Age

I leave you with the same wise words my grandfather once gave me — advice I wish more people remembered today:

“Never buy food, clothes or petrol on credit. Never use now and pay later. You will not appreciate what you bought if it is old when you still have to pay for it.”

 

🎁 To every Namibian consumer this festive season:

May your rights be respected, your wallet be protected, and your purchases bring joy — not debt. Let’s work together for a stronger consumer culture in 2026 and beyond.

🏦 What You Need to Know Before Taking a Bank Loan in Namibia

When taking out a bank loan in Namibia, it’s essential to protect yourself by asking the right questions — and understanding your legal rights as a borrower. While banks and micro-lenders must follow certain regulations, it’s ultimately your responsibility to make an informed decision. Here’s what you should know before signing that loan agreement.

---

🔍 1. Ask These 10 Questions Before Signing a Loan

Whether you’re borrowing from a commercial bank, a microlender, or a cooperative, ask the following:

1. What is the loan amount?

   Know exactly how much you’re borrowing — not just what’s deposited in your account after deductions.

2. What is the loan term?

   Understand how long it will take to repay the loan, and when it ends.

3. What is the interest rate?

   In Namibia, interest rates on loans are governed by the Usury Act 73 of 1968, which limits how much can be charged. Check whether the interest is simple or compound.

4. What are the additional fees?

   These may include administration fees, processing fees, or monthly service charges. They must be disclosed up front according to the Bank of Namibia’s guidelines.

5. Is insurance required?

   Some lenders may require credit life insurance to cover your loan in case of death or disability. Ask if this is optional or mandatory — and compare the premium cost.

6. What is the monthly repayment?

   Can you afford the payment consistently? Use a loan calculator to test different scenarios.

7. What is the repayment frequency?

   Most Namibian loans are repaid monthly, but some short-term loans may require weekly or even daily payments.

8. Is collateral required?

   For larger loans, especially from banks, you may need to pledge collateral (like a car or house). If you default, the lender can seize it.

9. What happens if I pay late?

   Late payments may incur penalties or increased interest. Understand the cost of missing even one payment.

10. What happens if I stop paying altogether?

    You could lose your collateral, be blacklisted by the Namibia Credit and Borrowers Association (NCBA), and have your name listed with the credit bureaus.

---

⚖️ 2. Know Your Legal Rights as a Borrower in Namibia

Namibia’s credit market is regulated by several laws and guidelines designed to protect consumers. Here are the key legal frameworks:

📘 The Usury Act 73 of 1968 (as amended)

• Limits the maximum interest rate a lender can charge.

• Also regulates incidental credit (e.g. store cards and overdrafts).

• The Bank of Namibia publishes the reference rate used to calculate the max allowable interest rate.

📘 Credit Agreements Act 75 of 1980

• Governs hire purchase and installment agreements (like buying furniture or vehicles on credit).

• Requires written contracts with clear repayment terms.

📘 Micro-lending Regulations (2018) under the Banking Institutions Act

• All microlenders in Namibia must be registered with the Bank of Namibia.

• They are required to:

  • Disclose all loan terms in writing.

  • Explain the interest rate and all associated charges.

  • Provide you with a loan statement.

  • Cap interest and fees according to BoN regulations.

⚠️ What This Means for You:

• Verbal agreements are not enough — get everything in writing.

• Don’t borrow from unregistered lenders — they often charge illegal rates.

• Check the fine print — fees, penalties, and default clauses must be clear.

You can check if your lender is registered by visiting www.bon.com.na or calling the Bank of Namibia directly.

---

💳 3. Namibia’s Three Registered Credit Bureaus

As of 2025, Namibia has three officially registered credit bureaus that collect and manage consumer credit data. These institutions track your borrowing behavior and are used by banks and lenders to assess your creditworthiness:

1. TransUnion Namibia

   – Offers detailed consumer and business credit reports.

   – Internationally affiliated and widely used by commercial banks.

   – Website: www.transunion.co.za

2. Compuscan Namibia (part of Experian Africa)

   – Provides services to microlenders, retailers, and credit providers.

   – Offers credit scoring and analytics.

   – Website: www.compuscan.co.za

3. CreditInfo Namibia

   – A global credit bureau with presence in over 30 countries.

   – Focuses on inclusion and advanced borrower data tools.

   – Website: www.creditinfo.com

✅ Your rights as a borrower:

• You are entitled to one free credit report per year from each bureau.

• You have the right to dispute incorrect information.

• A good credit record helps you get better loan terms and lower interest rates.

---

🔄 4. Building Trust With Your Bank Pays Off

One of the best strategies for long-term financial success is to build a positive credit history. If you borrow responsibly and repay on time:

• Banks may offer you lower interest rates in the future.

• You’ll qualify for larger loan amounts.

• You’ll receive fewer administrative hurdles when applying.

---

📌 Final Advice

Taking a loan is a serious commitment. The bank or lender expects you to repay — with interest — and you should expect transparency, fairness, and respect in return.

Always:

• Ask for a complete breakdown of costs.

• Never sign under pressure.

• Say no if you feel uncomfortable or unsure.

How Colonial Debt Stole Namibia’s Land

When we hear the word credit, we might think of getting a loan, swiping a card, or buying something now and paying for it later. But credit can also mean recognition, as in the “credits” at the end of a movie. It’s even used to describe someone’s reputation—being a person of good credit.

In everyday life, however, credit usually refers to money we borrow to buy things we can’t pay for immediately: homes, cars, clothes, or even groceries. While credit can help us access what we need, it can also become a trap. In Namibia, the growing burden of personal debt has become one of our biggest socio-economic challenges.

But credit is not new to Namibia. In fact, it has deep and troubling roots in our colonial history. By looking back, we can begin to understand how credit shaped — and often distorted — our country’s economy and society.

Credit Under Colonial Rule: 1840s–1904

The use of credit in Namibia began to grow in the 1840s, during a time of increasing European trade activity. But instead of empowering local communities, the system of credit quickly became a tool that undermined traditional economies and increased dependency.

One of the earliest recorded incidents involves Jonker Afrikaner, a prominent leader in central Namibia. He reportedly fell into deep debt with a trader named Morris. According to historical speculation, Jonker’s military raid on the Ovambanderu in 1846 may have been influenced by pressure from Morris to repay those debts.

By the late 1890s, even the German colonial administration recognized how bad the situation had become. In response, they passed a regulation stating that no one could be sued for unpaid credit. However, this regulation didn’t last. Business pressure was too strong, and the rule was suspended on 22 February 1899.

Another major figure, Samuel Maharero, found himself overwhelmed by expectations from traders. They not only pressured him to settle his own debts but also expected him to guarantee those of his people. Traders like Gustav Voigts, Fritz Wecke, Ludwig Conradt, and John William Wallace began accepting land as repayment — effectively transferring indigenous land into colonial hands.

The sale of land to pay off debts sparked fierce criticism, even from missionaries like Diehl and Viehe. They condemned the sale of areas like Okakango (north of Okahandja), which Samuel Maharero used to settle his debts.

To protect Samuel from further pressure, the District Chief of Okahandja, Zǘrn, made an important declaration: while Samuel still owed money himself, he could not be held responsible for others’ debts.

The Rise of Land Dispossession Through Debt

As trading on credit became widespread, it led to a much bigger issue: the loss of indigenous land. This clashed with the colonial government’s goal of creating a settler colony where land was the most valuable asset.

In 1903, the German government set up a Credit Commission to investigate how debt collection from indigenous people should be handled. Later that year, Governor Theodor Leutwein issued a proclamation that introduced strict new credit regulations. These rules aimed to prevent communal (or “tribal”) land from being sold to pay debts.

However, anticipating that the new rules would limit their power to collect debts, many traders rushed to enforce even harsher collection methods before the law took effect.

Debt, Resistance, and the Ovaherero Uprising

By early 1904, tensions were rising. Chief David Kambazembi met with trader Gustav Sonnenberg to discuss the mounting debts of the Ovaherero people. The community’s economic freedom was disappearing, and so was their land. The situation had become explosive.

The famous Ovaherero uprising of 1904 had multiple causes: land dispossession, indebtedness, exploitative lending, the sale of alcohol, rape, and threats to leaders like Samuel Maharero. It was a boiling point created by years of unjust financial and political systems.

The Legacy of Colonial Credit Practices

Looking back, it’s clear that colonial financial practices were designed to exclude Namibians from economic participation. Credit was not a tool for empowerment, but a weapon of control.

Today, as Namibia continues to fight poverty, inequality, and rising debt, we must learn from this history. The dream of independence is not just political — it is economic too. Our financial systems, credit institutions, and consumer protections must serve the people, not exploit them.

Only when every Namibian has fair access to economic opportunity can we truly say we are free in the Land of the Brave.

---

Want to learn more?

Follow this blog for insights on consumer protection, financial education, and practical tools to escape the debt trap.

The Secret of Sole Water: A Mineral Boost with Rock Salt

Could the secret to better hydration be hiding in a simple mix of salt and water?

For centuries, cultures around the world have used natural salts not just for flavor, but for healing. One of the most popular modern rediscoveries is Sole water—a concentrated solution of mineral-rich salt and water, believed to offer a range of health benefits. And yes, Namibians can make it too—right at home.

---

🧂 What Is Sole Water?

Sole (pronounced so-lay) is water that has been fully saturated with unrefined natural salt—often Himalayan pink salt, but Namibian rock salt works too. Once the salt no longer dissolves, it means the water has absorbed as many minerals as possible—creating a mineral infusion ready to boost your daily routine.

---

🧪 How to Make Sole Water at Home

Ingredients:

• 1/4 cup natural rock salt (e.g., Ohorongo Salt or Himalayan pink salt)

• Filtered or spring water

• A clean glass jar with a non-metal lid

Steps:

1. Fill the jar one-quarter with the salt.

2. Top up with water until full.

3. Cover and let it sit for 12–24 hours.

4. If there’s undissolved salt at the bottom after 24 hours, your solution is saturated and ready.

5. Each morning, mix 1 teaspoon of sole water into a glass of water and drink on an empty stomach.

---

✅ Why People Drink Sole Water

Sole water fans say it:

• Replenishes electrolytes naturally

• Aids in digestion

• Supports adrenal function

• Helps with hydration, especially in hot Namibian climates

• May reduce muscle cramps

• Could assist in balancing the body’s pH

---

⚠️ A Word of Caution

Sole water is not for everyone. If you have high blood pressure, kidney disease, or are on a low-sodium diet, consult your doctor before trying it.

And remember: moderation is key. You only need a teaspoon of sole mixed with a full glass of water—this is not something to gulp in large quantities.

---

🇳🇦 A Local Touch: Namibian Rock Salt

Namibia is rich in mineral resources, and some local salt producers, like Swakopmund Salt, offer high-purity rock salt that could be a local substitute for imported varieties.

So before you go shopping for fancy Himalayan salt, take a closer look at what’s available right here at home. You might be supporting local business and natural wellness all at once. (HINT: Try your local AGRA, they have blocks that sometimes breaks off pieces ;-)

Try making your own sole water and see how your body feels. In a world of synthetic supplements, sometimes nature has the simplest answers.

Have you tried sole water? Let me know your experience in the comments!

Infrastructure Sharing: A Hidden Key to Fair Telecom Services in Namibia

When Namibians talk about telecommunications—be it expensive data bundles, patchy rural coverage, or dropped calls—the focus often turns to the visible issues: prices, customer service, and limited choices. But beneath these frustrations lies a less-visible, highly technical issue that could unlock a better telecom experience for all: infrastructure sharing.

For many, this may sound like industry jargon. But make no mistake—infrastructure sharing regulations, if implemented and enforced properly, could dramatically transform Namibia’s telecom landscape for the better. More importantly, it would finally begin to address the persistent inequality faced by consumers in accessing affordable, reliable, and high-quality digital services.

What Is Infrastructure Sharing?

In simple terms, infrastructure sharing is about requiring dominant telecommunications companies to let other operators use parts of their physical networks—from towers and ducts to base stations and antennas. Think of it like multiple bus companies using the same bus stop or several grocery stores sharing a delivery truck.

There are two main types:

• Passive sharing: The physical things—like towers, fibre ducts, or power systems.

• Active sharing: The more sensitive stuff—like antennas, spectrum, and the electronics that drive mobile coverage.

Namibia’s Infrastructure Sharing Regulations, passed in 2016 under the Communications Act of 2009, mandate that dominant players like MTC and Telecom Namibia must open up their infrastructure to competitors. These rules require that requests for access must be responded to within 30 days, negotiations must conclude in 60 days, and all terms must be fair and non-discriminatory.

On paper, this sounds like a win for consumers and competitors alike.

Where Things Stand in Namibia

Unfortunately, implementation has fallen far short of intention.

While some progress has been made in passive sharing—such as tower co-location—the critical issue of active sharingremains largely ignored or resisted. For example, MTC has resisted several directives by the Communications Regulatory Authority of Namibia (CRAN) to share infrastructure, citing “quality concerns” and “capacity constraints.” This resistance is not only unfortunate; it is harmful to consumers.

Let us be clear: when dominant telecom operators refuse to share infrastructure, they lock out competition. And when competition is locked out, prices remain high, quality stagnates, and rural areas are neglected.

Namibia already has some of the highest mobile data prices in Southern Africa.

The Cost of Limited Competition: How Namibia Compares

The impact of this resistance to infrastructure sharing is reflected in Namibia's mobile data pricing. Recent data reveals that Namibian consumers pay significantly more for mobile data than their regional counterparts:

• Namibia charges consumers an average of $1.20 per gigabyte, according to 2023 data
• This places Namibia among the most expensive countries in Southern Africa for mobile data
• By comparison, regional neighbors charge considerably less: Zimbabwe ($1.30), Zambia ($1.45), and Lesotho ($4.09 for some studies, though other data suggests much lower rates)
• South Africa, despite its larger economy, charges consumers an average of $2.06 per gigabyte
• The regional average across Southern Africa is approximately $1.46 per gigabyte

These pricing disparities are not coincidental—they reflect market structures where limited competition allows dominant players to maintain high prices. Countries with more competitive markets and effective infrastructure sharing policies consistently deliver lower prices to consumers.

Rural and peri-urban communities are left behind, and new entrants cannot afford to build redundant infrastructure alongside giants who already dominate the space.

How Other Countries Are Getting It Right

Namibia is not the only country trying to improve digital access and telecom affordability. But unlike some of our peers, we are falling behind.

In Kenya, both passive and active infrastructure sharing are strictly enforced. Operators share base stations and even radio access networks, and the result has been a dramatic reduction in data prices and significant rural 4G coverage.

In Tanzania, the government operates a National ICT Backbone that all telecoms must use—promoting fair access and avoiding wasteful duplication. This has enabled wide coverage and competitive pricing.

Even South Africa, despite some legal hiccups, mandates passive sharing and is pushing toward more inclusive wholesale access.

These countries recognise what we in Namibia must not ignore: telecom infrastructure is not just a commercial asset; it is a public good.

The Consumer’s Perspective

From a consumer protection standpoint, the issue is crystal clear. If infrastructure sharing can lower entry costs for new telecoms, it increases competition. If competition increases, prices fall and services improve. And if those services reach beyond the cities, we close the digital divide that continues to hold back our rural communities.

This is not just a regulatory concern—it is a matter of economic justice.

For over a decade, I have advocated for stronger consumer protections in the telecom space: local number portability, transparent billing, and fair contracts. Infrastructure sharing fits squarely into this advocacy. It is a structural fix to a systemic imbalance.

We cannot keep allowing two or three companies to control the means of digital access for an entire nation.

What Needs to Happen

It is time for CRAN to enforce existing regulations more aggressively, including imposing penalties for non-compliance. The Namibia Competition Commission must also investigate the anti-competitive implications of refusal to share critical infrastructure.

Parliament, too, should take an interest—particularly as the country prepares for broader digital transformation under Vision 2030 and the Harambee Prosperity Plan II.

Finally, we need greater public awareness. Consumers should demand to know why data costs remain high and rural areas remain underserved, and they must understand that infrastructure sharing is part of the solution.

A Call for Transparency and Fairness

Namibia deserves a telecom environment where affordability, choice, and quality are the norm—not the exception. Infrastructure sharing is not just about cables and towers—it’s about fairness, access, and dignity in the digital age.

Let us hold our telecom providers, regulators, and policymakers accountable—not just for service, but for sharing the very foundations of that service.

Bridging the Gap: How Namibia is Tackling Income Inequality

Namibia is one of the most beautiful and resource-rich countries in Africa. But behind our proud landscapes and wildlife lies a serious issue: income inequality. Some Namibians live in comfort, while many others struggle to access basic needs like food, housing, and healthcare.

So, what is Namibia doing about this gap between the rich and the poor—and what more can we learn from other countries?

---

🧓 1. Social Grants: A Lifeline for Many

The Namibian government supports thousands of families through monthly grants:

• Old Age Pension (N$1,400 per month)

• Child Maintenance Grants

• Disability Grants

These programs make a big difference in rural and low-income communities. For many, this money means the ability to buy food, pay school fees, or visit a clinic.

What could improve? Increase the grant amounts as the cost of living rises, and ensure everyone who qualifies can access them without red tape.

---

📚 2. Free Education for All

Namibia offers free primary and secondary education, and school feeding programs keep learners in class.

But we still face:

• Overcrowded classrooms

• Shortage of qualified teachers

• Gaps in rural education quality

A solution? Invest more in vocational training and support for learners with disabilities or those in remote areas.

---

🏠 3. Land Reform and Housing: Still a Long Road

Namibia has tried to correct historical injustices through land reform and mass housing projects. However, progress has been slow, and many Namibians still live in shacks without water or electricity.

We need to:

• Make housing truly affordable

• Speed up land delivery

• Prevent corruption and favouritism in housing allocation

---

👷 4. Minimum Wages and Worker Protection

Some sectors (like agriculture, security, and domestic work) now have minimum wage laws, helping to raise incomes for workers.

But many Namibians work in the informal sector—like market stalls, taxis, or odd jobs—where they have no protections at all.

We should:

• Extend legal protections to informal workers

• Provide skills training and micro-loans for small business owners

---

💉 5. Public Health for the People

Namibia’s public hospitals and clinics provide low-cost or free care, which helps poor families avoid high medical bills.

But the system still struggles with:

• Staff shortages

• Long wait times

• Unequal access in remote areas

Expanding healthcare and digital tools like e-health could improve services for all.

---

📊 What Can Namibia Learn from Others?

Many countries face inequality, but some are making real progress:

• Brazil uses large-scale cash transfer programs to reduce extreme poverty.

• Finland and South Korea invest heavily in equal, high-quality education.

• Rwanda supports rural income generation through infrastructure and microfinance.

Namibia can adopt similar ideas, including:

• Progressive taxes on the wealthy to fund services for the poor

• Better public transport, which helps people access jobs and markets

• Gender pay equality and support for working mothers

---

✊ The Way Forward: A Fairer Namibia for All

Fighting income inequality isn’t just a government issue—it’s a national one. Businesses, communities, and individuals all have a role to play in building a fairer, more inclusive Namibia.

With the right mix of smart policy, honest leadership, and grassroots support, we can bridge the gap—and build a Namibia where everyone has a fair chance to succeed.

What do you think Namibia should focus on most? Join the conversation in the comments below.