Some thoughts on Prostitution and why it should be decriminalised

 "The designation of prostitution as a special human rights issue, a violation in itself, emphasises the distinction between prostitution and other forms of female or low-status labour... however exploitative they are. It thus reinforces the marginal, and therefore vulnerable, position of the women and men involved in prostitution. By dismissing the entire sex industry as abusive, it also obscures the particular problems and violations of international norms within the industry which are of concern to sex workers."

Thus anything but legal status for sex workers leads to marginalisation and abuses: "even in the many countries where prostitution itself is not illegal, sex workers cannot secure the minimum basic standards which other workers have acquired as far as conditions of work or their personal safety are concerned. It also means that the police frequently fail to take action to help the significant minority among prostitutes who really are victims of slavery."

Moving away from the theoretical, the practical implications of the profession being legal would bring nothing but benefits for sex workers and society as a whole. The public order aspect could be addressed, as it should be, on an individual rather than a blanket basis; Prostitutes would not be forced to work in 'hidden' locations, and would have access to the safety and decency of equipped indoor places of work; Sex workers would be guaranteed access to health facilities often denied them as a consequence of their occupation.

Bindman & Doezema suggest a definition of sex work as labour:

"Negotiation and performance of sexual services for remuneration with or without intervention by a third party where those services are advertised or generally recognised as available from a specific location where the price of services reflects the pressures of supply and demand.

In this definition, 'negotiation' implies the rejection of specific clients or acts on an individual basis. Indiscriminate acceptance by the worker of all proposed transactions is not presumed -- such acceptance would indicate the presence of coercion"

A further argument for the legalisation of the sex industry is that organisation would no longer be hindered by legal penalties and stigma, serving not only to provide a platform for prostitutes' rights, but also to fight the social stigma attached to sex work.

Law Society of Namibia leaks members details - June 2023

 Namibia does not yet have a legal framework to protect personal details such as full names, date of birth and personal contact details. In fact, many businesses and government departments are not even trained in what is considered personal information. Take for example the website of the Law Society of Namibia (LSN). On its “Find a Firm or Practitioner” page (https://lawsocietynamibia.org/find-a-firm-or-practitioner/), it shows public information in a browser window, namely Name, Surname, Designation and Industry. If, however you investigate the coding of the page, it will also give you the Full Names, Date of Birth, and Personal Cellular Number of all its members.

The ability to save information on a computer and share this electronically necessitates legislation to be promulgated that protects the abuse of this information. These laws are especially necessary in our Information and Communication enabled society where information is stored on electronic retrieval systems. The Namibian Constitution states in Article 13 Privacy: “(1) No persons shall be subject to interference with the privacy of their homes, correspondence or communications save as in accordance with law and as is necessary in a democratic society in the interests of national security, public safety or the economic well-being of the country, for the protection of health or morals, for the prevention of disorder or crime or for the protection of the rights or freedoms of others.” The Constitution thus guarantees only “Physical Privacy”. The storage of personal and business information (“Informational Privacy”) must have legislation that will prevent misuse of this information. In addition, the individual in Namibia must be able to access any, and all, information that is stored by the state (public institutions). There are thus things that are needed to guarantee informational privacy: 1. Data Protection Act; 2. Privacy and Electronic Communications Regulations; 3. Freedom of Access to Information Act The Namibia Consumer Protection Group (NCPG) once again calls on the broader society in Namibia to become aware of the need for data privacy and protection and encourages open discussion and what can be done. The NCPG will be preparing Public Facing Information Reports for our largest businesses and vulnerable person to encourage them to manage their data better. As for the members of the Law Society, you should expect correspondence from me regarding the data leaked as well as on any other public facing information you need to manage.

𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐦𝐢𝐛𝐢𝐚𝐧 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐞𝐭𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐢𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐡𝐚𝐬 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐜𝐥𝐮𝐝𝐞𝐝 𝐢𝐭s 𝐢𝐧𝐯𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐠𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐨 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐛𝐚𝐧𝐤 𝐞𝐱𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐞 𝐟𝐞𝐞𝐬 - A Consumer Activist opinion

 I have attached below an explanation of the advantages and disadvantages when banks set their own interchange fees. As you can see, if they do it themselves, it benefits the banks. BUT, all the disadvantages are on the side of the merchants and the consumers.

As a consumer activist, I was pleased when PAN - Payments Association of Namibia took the step that made it easier to compare costs between banks. In the Namibian market, I am afraid that banks will disadvantage the poorer consumer, causing them to pay more.

If however, the PAN costs are made the maximum, we will all benefit from it since banks must compete but not go over a certain amount or percentage. in essence, it is about how regulations are applied to ensure fairness and competitiveness in the market.

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Interchange fees are charges paid by merchants to card issuers each time a debit or credit card is used to make a purchase. When banks set their own interchange fees, it can have a range of implications, leading to both advantages and disadvantages. Here are some key points to consider:

𝑨𝒅𝒗𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒂𝒈𝒆𝒔

1. 𝐼𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑅𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐵𝑎𝑛𝑘𝑠: By setting their own interchange fees, banks can tailor charges to maximize their revenue. This can be beneficial for their profitability, allowing them to potentially offer more services or better rates in other areas.

2. 𝐹𝑙𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑖𝑛 𝑃𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔: Banks can adjust fees based on the market, type of merchant, or the transaction type, which can lead to more tailored financial products and services. This flexibility allows banks to compete more effectively in different sectors or regions.

3. 𝐼𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐼𝑛𝑛𝑜𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: Higher interchange fees can provide banks with the funds to invest in new technologies, enhancing security features, and improving the overall payment infrastructure.

4. 𝐶𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑧𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐 𝑀𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑒𝑡𝑠: Banks can set fees that reflect the actual costs and risks associated with different types of transactions or industries, which might not be possible with a one-size-fits-all fee structure.

𝑫𝒊𝒔𝒂𝒅𝒗𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒂𝒈𝒆𝒔

1. 𝐻𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑠 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑀𝑒𝑟𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑠: If banks set high interchange fees, merchants may face increased costs, which are often passed on to consumers in the form of higher prices. This can affect competitiveness and consumer choice.

2. 𝐿𝑎𝑐𝑘 𝑜𝑓 𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: Different banks setting different fees can lead to a lack of standardisation, which might confuse merchants and consumers. It can also make it difficult for new entrants to compete if they are unable to negotiate similar rates.

3. 𝑃𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐴𝑛𝑡𝑖-𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑃𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠: Larger banks might have the leverage to set higher fees, which could disadvantage smaller banks and limit competition. This can lead to market distortions where larger banks dominate because of their ability to dictate more favourable terms.

4. 𝑅𝑒𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑦 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑅𝑖𝑠𝑘𝑠: With each bank setting its own fees, the complexity of regulatory compliance increases. This might lead to potential legal challenges or penalties if banks are found to be setting unfairly high fees.

5. 𝐸𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑐 𝐼𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑡 𝑜𝑛 𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝐵𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠: Higher fees can disproportionately impact small businesses, which may see a significant portion of their margins eroded by these costs, making it difficult for them to compete with larger businesses that can negotiate better terms.

The balance between these advantages and disadvantages can vary greatly depending on how banks approach the setting of their interchange fees and how regulations are applied to ensure fairness and competitiveness in the market.

𝐃𝐢𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐦𝐢𝐛𝐢𝐞𝐬𝐞 𝐌𝐞𝐝𝐞𝐝𝐢𝐧𝐠𝐢𝐧𝐠𝐬𝐤𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐢𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐞 𝐡𝐞𝐭 𝐬𝐲 𝐨𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐨𝐞𝐤 𝐧𝐚 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐛𝐚𝐧𝐤𝐟𝐨𝐨𝐢𝐞 𝐚𝐟𝐠𝐞𝐡𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐥

Ek heg hieronder 'n verduideliking aan oor die voordele en nadele wanneer banke hul eie interbankfooie bepaal. Soos jy kan sien, indien hulle dit self doen, is dit tot voordeel van die banke. MAAR, al die nadele is aan die kant van die handelaars en die verbruikers.

As 'n verbruikersaktivis was ek bly toe PAN - Payments Association of Namibia (Betalingsvereniging van Namibië) die stap geneem het wat dit makliker gemaak het om koste tussen banke te vergelyk. In die Namibiese mark is ek bang dat banke die armer verbruiker sal benadeel, wat hulle meer sal laat betaal.

Indien egter die PAN-koste as die maksimum gestel word, sal ons almal daarby baat vind aangesien banke moet meeding, maar nie oor 'n sekere bedrag of persentasie gaan nie. In wese gaan dit oor hoe regulasies toegepas word om regverdigheid en mededingendheid in die mark te verseker.

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Interbankfooie is fooie wat handelaars aan kaartuitreikers betaal elke keer as 'n debiet- of kredietkaart gebruik word om 'n aankoop te maak. Wanneer banke hul eie interbankfooie bepaal, kan dit 'n reeks implikasies hê wat lei tot beide voordele en nadele. Hier is 'n paar sleutelpunte om te oorweeg:

𝑽𝒐𝒐𝒓𝒅𝒆𝒍𝒆

1. 𝑉𝑒𝑟ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑔𝑑𝑒 𝐼𝑛𝑘𝑜𝑚𝑠𝑡𝑒 𝑣𝑖𝑟 𝐵𝑎𝑛𝑘𝑒: Deur hul eie interbankfooie te bepaal, kan banke heffings aanpas om hul inkomste te maksimeer. Dit kan voordelig wees vir hul winsgewendheid, wat hulle toelaat om potensieel meer dienste of beter tariewe in ander areas aan te bied.

2. 𝐵𝑢𝑖𝑔𝑠𝑎𝑎𝑚ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝑃𝑟𝑦𝑠𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔: Banke kan fooie aanpas gebaseer op die mark, tipe handelaar, of die transaksie tipe, wat kan lei tot meer toegespitste finansiële produkte en dienste. Hierdie buigsaamheid laat banke toe om meer effektief mee te ding in verskillende sektore of streke.

3. 𝐴𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑣𝑖𝑟 𝐼𝑛𝑛𝑜𝑣𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑒: Hoër interbankfooie kan banke voorsien van die fondse om te belê in nuwe tegnologieë, die verbetering van sekuriteitskenmerke, en die verbetering van die algehele betalingsinfrastruktuur.

4. 𝐴𝑎𝑛𝑝𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑣𝑖𝑟 𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑘𝑒 𝑀𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑡𝑒: Banke kan fooie stel wat die werklike koste en risiko's geassosieer met verskillende tipes transaksies of nywerhede weerspieël, wat dalk nie moontlik is met 'n een-grootte-pas-almal fooi struktuur nie.

𝑵𝒂𝒅𝒆𝒍𝒆

1. 𝐻𝑜𝑒̈𝑟 𝐾𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑒 𝑣𝑖𝑟 𝐻𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑎𝑟𝑠: As banke hoë interbankfooie stel, kan handelaars hoër koste in die gesig staar, wat dikwels aan verbruikers deurgegee word in die vorm van hoër pryse. Dit kan mededingendheid en verbruikerskeuse beïnvloed.

2. 𝐺𝑒𝑏𝑟𝑒𝑘 𝑎𝑎𝑛 𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔: Verskillende banke wat verskillende fooie stel, kan lei tot 'n gebrek aan standaardisering, wat handelaars en verbruikers kan verwar. Dit kan dit ook moeilik maak vir nuwe toetreders om mee te ding as hulle nie soortgelyke tariewe kan onderhandel nie.

3. 𝑃𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑎𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑖𝑟 𝐴𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑒 𝑃𝑟𝑎𝑘𝑡𝑦𝑘𝑒: Groter banke kan die hefboom hê om hoër fooie te stel, wat kleiner banke kan benadeel en mededinging kan beperk. Dit kan lei tot markversteurings waar groter banke oorheers as gevolg van hul vermoë om meer gunstige voorwaardes te dikteer.

4. 𝑅𝑒𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑒 𝑒𝑛 𝑁𝑎𝑘𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑠𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑘𝑜'𝑠: Met elke bank wat sy eie fooie stel, verhoog die kompleksiteit van regulerende nakoming. Dit kan lei tot potensiële regsgedinge of boetes as daar gevind word dat banke onregverdig hoë fooie stel.

5. 𝐸𝑘𝑜𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑒𝑠𝑒 𝐼𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑘 𝑜𝑝 𝐾𝑙𝑒𝑖𝑛 𝐵𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑒𝑑𝑒: Hoër fooie kan klein besighede onevenredig beïnvloed, wat kan sien dat 'n beduidende deel van hulle marges deur hierdie koste uitgewis word, wat dit moeilik maak vir hulle om mee te ding met groter besighede wat beter terme kan onderhandel.

Die balans tussen hierdie voordele en nadele kan grootliks wissel afhangende van hoe banke die stel van hul interbankfooie benader en hoe regulasies toegepas word om regverdigheid en mededingendheid in die mark te verseker.